NOTE: THIS IS NOT THE LATEST VERSION OF THIS SCALE.
We recommend using the latest version of this scale which you can find here

Construct Summary

The authors identify the construct of avatar embodiment as consisting of 6 main factors:

Body ownership. Present whenever there is a substitute body or body part. It is possible to have body ownership over a body that participants feel is not in the same location as their own body.

Agency and motor control of the body. Present whenever there is motion tracking and the participant can move parts or all of the virtual body.

Tactile sensations. Present whenever there is tactile or haptic stimulation to enhance the embodiment illusion.

Location of the body. Present whenever there is a substitute body or body part that is either collocated or not collocated with the participant. Participants must feel that their body is in the same location as the virtual body in order to experience an embodiment illusion. Participants may sense an out-of-body effect, or that the location of their body has drifted toward the location of the avatar. These questions are often only asked when the avatar is not collocated with the participant.

External appearance. Present when the self-avatar is a lookalike avatar or as control questions when there are shape, gender, race, clothing, or other visual modifications to the avatar different from the self.

Response to external stimuli. In many occasions during the experiment there is an event that modifies or threatens the body or body parts of the self-avatar. If the participant is embodied in the self-avatar then the participant will react as if their own body is threatened. This is often measured through both questionnaire and quantitative response.” (p. 3-4)

Rating = 54%

Check?	Guideline Item
✓	Is the construct defined?
✓	Does the final version of the items capture the construct as it has been defined by the authors?
✓	Is the item generation process discussed (e.g., literature review, Delphi method, crowd-sourcing)?
✖	Person to items 10:1 for the initial set of items?
✖	Did they perform an EFA, PCA, Rasch, or similar test to determine the item to factor relationship?
✓	Did they describe how they determined number of factors?
✓	Did they report the full initial set of items?
✖	Did they provide loadings (EFA) or item fits (Rasch) of all items?
✓	Is there a description of the item removal process (e.g., using infit/outfit, factor loading minimum value, or cross-loading values)?
✓	Did they list the final number of items included in the scale?
✖	Did they include a factor structure test (e.g., second EFA, CFA, DIF, test for unidimensionality when using Rasch, or similar)?
✖	Was a measure of reliability (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha, McDonalds Omega_h or Omega_t, Tarkkonen’s Rho) reported?
✖	Was a test of validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, discriminant) reported?

Comments
A validation study was later conducted (Peck & Gonzalez-Franco, 2021) and suggested 4 factors and 16 items

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Downloads

PAPER
Gonzalez-Franco, M., & Peck, T. C. (2018). Avatar embodiment. towards a standardized questionnaire. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 5, 74.

PDF of scale as well as instructions for administration and scoring are not readily available. Check the paper for more details or click here to submit this information if you are the author of this scale.

Final Scale Items (25 total):

Body ownership
Q1. “I felt as if the virtual __was my __” If there is more than one avatar, e.g. in a VR social interaction, use a longer version: “I felt as if the virtual __I saw when I looked down was my __”
Q2. “It felt as if the virtual __I saw was someone else”
Q3. “It seemed as if I might have more than one __” - If there is a mirror:
Q4. “I felt as if the virtual __I saw when looking in the mirror was my own __”
Q5. “I felt as if the virtual ____I saw when looking at myself in the mirror was another person”

Agency and motor control
Q6. “It felt like I could control the virtual __as if it was my own __”
Q7. “The movements of the virtual ____were caused by my movements”
Q8. “I felt as if the movements of the virtual ____were influencing my own movements”
Q9. “I felt as if the virtual ____was moving by itself ”

Tactile sensations
Q10. “It seemed as if I felt the touch of the __ in the location where I saw the virtual ____touched”
Q11. “It seemed as if the touch I felt was located somewhere between my physical ____and the virtual __”
Q12. “It seemed as if the touch I felt was caused by the __ touching the virtual __”
Q13. “It seemed as if my __ was touching the __”

Location of the body
Q14. “I felt as if my __was located where I saw the virtual __”
Q15. “I felt out of my body” - If the virtual body is not collocated with the participants’ body:
Q16. “I felt as if my (real) __were drifting toward the virtual ____or as if the virtual ____were drifting toward my (real) __” 5. External appearance.
Q17. “It felt as if my (real) __were turning into an ‘avatar’ __”
Q18. “At some point it felt as if my real __was starting to take on the posture or shape of the virtual ____that I saw”
Q19. “At some point it felt that the virtual ____resembled my own (real) __, in terms of shape, skin tone or other visual features.”
Q20. “I felt like I was wearing different clothes from when I came to the laboratory”

Response to external stimuli
Q21. “I felt that my own __could be affected by __”
Q22. “I felt a __sensation in my body when I saw __”
Q23. “When __ happened, I felt the instinct to __”
Q24. “I felt as if my __had __” - If there is a threat to the body:
Q25. “I had the feeling that I might be harmed by the __”