This is the most up to date version of this scale.

Construct Summary

This scale aims to measure:

“occupational stress among workers engaged in collaborative tasks with robots within modern working environments.” (p. 2)

Rating = 62%

Check? Guideline Item
✓ Is the construct defined?
✖ Does the final version of the items capture the construct as it has been defined by the authors?
✓ Is the item generation process discussed (e.g., literature review, Delphi method, crowd-sourcing)?
✖ Person to items 10:1 for the initial set of items?
✖ Did they perform an EFA, PCA, Rasch, or similar test to determine the item to factor relationship?
✖ Did they describe how they determined number of factors?
✖ Did they report the full initial set of items?
✓ Did they provide loadings (EFA) or item fits (Rasch) of all items?
✓ Is there a description of the item removal process (e.g., using infit/outfit, factor loading minimum value, or cross-loading values)?
✓ Did they list the final items included in the scale?
✓ Did they include a factor structure test (e.g., second EFA, CFA, DIF, test for unidimensionality when using Rasch, or similar)?
✓ Was a measure of reliability (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha, McDonalds Omega_h or Omega_t, Tarkkonen’s Rho) reported?
✓ Was a test of validity (e.g., predictive, concurrent, convergent, discriminant) reported?

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PAPER
Babamiri, M., Heidarimoghadam, R., Ghasemi, F., Tapak, L., & Mortezapour, A. (2024). Going Beyond General Stress Scales: Developing a New Questionnaire to Measure Stress in Human-Robot Interaction. International Journal of Social Robotics, 16(11), 2243-2259.


PDF of scale as well as instructions for administration and scoring are not readily available. Check the paper for more details or email hriscaledatabase@gmail.com submit this information if you are the author of this scale.

Final Scale Items (46 total):

Bolded category labels are referred to as scales and italicized category labels are referred to as sub-scales in the paper.

Human-related Factors
Situation Awareness
wWhen working with the robot, I must pay close attention in order to obtain the necessary information
There are times when I am unable to interpret the information obtained when working with the robot

Resilience
When the robot is in trouble, I can keep my stress and fear under control
I/m extremely highly adaptable to technical changes in the manufacturing line
I know what I need to do to relax at work when situations get stressful

Self-efficacy
I am confident in my ability to do both easy and difficult job-related duties
I believe I could accomplish my job if I worked in another robotics department instead of this one
I feel I have the skills required to work with robots

Trust
I am confident in the behavior of the robot with which I am working
I am confident in the components generated by the robots because of robots’ high quality and precision
I believe that the robots will be able to work for years without any major issues

Competency
I can comprehend a robot’s present condition and, if necessary, control it with suitable inputs
I am able to understand the topics essential to operate successfully with a robot by attending training courses and classes
I know how to tackle any problems that may develop when working with the robot

Affinity
Working on the production line with a robot attracts (excites) me
I’m curious about how the robot operates
It is not difficult for me to learn about and use new technology

Fear of substitution
I believe that in the near future robots will take over all jobs, leaving humans unemployed

Task-related Factors
To remaining update
Because robots are advancing at such a quick speed, I must keep my knowledge up to date
In order to remain update, I have to attend several in-service classes

Job Demands
I’m tired of having to work on a robot that does not understand the meaning of fatigue
The robots’ speed is too fast that I constantly find myself running out of time to work with them (I am under time pressure)
Working with the robot puts me under a great deal of mental and psychological pressure

Environmental Condition
Due to bad working conditions, if I receive another job offer, I would very surely quit my current job and take the new one
The environmental conditions in this robotic workplace, such as noise, vibration, and dust, are extremely hazardous to my health, and I am concerned

Skill Utilization
My job required me to put my capabilities to practice
In my job, I use the training I received before/after my employment

Technical Support
The company’s technical staff arrives immediately to resolve the robot’s problems
In my opinion, the company’s technical experts have the essential expertise and competence to handle robot problems
The training provided by the technical support team is sufficient to prevent the problem from recurring

Decision Complexity
My job frequently compels me to make complex decisions.
My job is so difficult that I am embarrassed
Because there are so many, I’m not sure which regulation or guideline to use when an issue emerges

Robot-related Factors
Usability
The robot with which I work in this unit is capable of achieving excellent results
I’m satisfied with the robot with which I work.
My robot teammate is able to save time, money, and waste
This robot is easy to use
This robot gives the operator with useful feedback from the current situation

Level of Automation
I can adjust the robot if necessary (e.g. slowing it down)
When I work at my job, I have complete control over the robot

Safety
So far, our colleagues have been involved in an accident caused by the robot’s malfunction rather than their own irresponsibility
In my opinion, the movement of The robot’s arms are extremely unsafe

Software/Hardware problems
This robot typically lacks the essential performance owing to a variety of software issues such as hanging, locking, not responding appropriately to commands, and so on
In general, we have a lot of lost time because this robot broke down and they are fixing it
The robot has so many troubles that it requires a professional, up-to-date, and patient maintenance team